RE: helmet vs. headset

["Ed" <emacdonald@satx.rr.com>]

A reason or two:

1.  It just makes sense.

2.  The following :



Association Position:

·	The Association of Air medical Services and the CORE Industry Safety
Committee believes that safety can be enhanced through use of personal
protective equipment and safety equipment training.  Programs should
evaluate the benefits of helmets, fire-retardant clothing and survival
equipment training and use.
·	Minimally, all air medical crews should routinely wear hearing protection
when working in or around an aircraft with engines in operation.

References

1.	Flight Med Archive;  Tuesday, 09 March 1999

2.	Schneider, Andrew.  The Pittsburgh Press.  “Nation’s Medevac Crews Want
Safety Changes to Increase Survival” November 1, 1987.

3.	National Transportation Safety Board, Bureau of Safety Program.  Safety
4.	Study:  Commercial Emergency Medical Service Helicopter Operations,
5.	NTSB/SS-88/01, Washington, D.C.  January 28, 1988.

6.	Aviation Safety Institute: Analysis of 84 Aeromedical Helicopter
Accidents and Incidents for the Period 1975-1986; December 3, 1986.

7.	National Transportation Safety Board, Dodd, R.S.: Safety Study:
Commercial Emergency Medical Service Helicopter Operations.  U.S. Department
of Commerce, National Technical Information Service.  January, 1988; Report
#NTSB/SS-88/01.

8.	National Transportation Safety Board, Bureau of Safety Program.  Safety
Study:  Commercial Emergency Medical Service Helicopter Operations,
NTSB/SS-8801, Washington, D.C.  January 28, 1988.

9.	Association of Air Medical Services:  Air Medical Safety Congress
Proceedings and Recommendations.  Recommendation:  Protective Clothing.
12.1-12.1, 1992.

10.	ASHBEAMS: Interim Safety Guidelines, developed in conjunction with NFNA,
NFPA, and HAI/EMS Committee.  1987.

11.	Shanahan, D. R., Shanahan, M.O.:  Injury in U. DS. Army Helicopter
Crashes, October, 1979-September, 1985.  J. Trauma 1989;  29 (4):415-423

12.	Analysis of U. S. Army Helicopter Accidents to Define Impact Injury
Problems.  Paper published by NATO/AGARD Conference on Impact Acceleration,
June 1971.

13.	Crowley JS: Should Helicopter Frequent Flyers Wear Head Protection?  A
Study of Helmet Effectiveness.  J. Occ. Med. 1991:33 (7):766-769.

14.	Reading, T.E., et al. SPH-4, U.S. Army Flight Helmet Performance
1972-1983, USAARL Report No 85-1, 1-31, November, 1984.

15.	Dodd, R. S.:  The Cost-Effectiveness of Air Medical Helicopter Crash
Survival Enhancements.  An Evaluation of the Cost, Benefits and
Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Interventions Air Medical Journal.  13
(7): 281-96, July, 1994.

16.	Coleman, J. W., Akif, O. B., Laananen D, Simula, Inc.:  Analysis of
Rotorcraft Crash Dynamics for Development of Improved Crashworthiness Design
Criteria: Sponsored by FAA Technical Center, Final Report June
1985:DOT/FAA/CT-85/11.

17.	Albright, J.D., Et al.  The Testing of Thermal Protective Clothing in a
Reproducible Fuel Fire Environment, a Feasibility Study.  USAARL Report No.
71-24: 1-15, June 1971.

18.	Ripple, G. R.; Torrington, K. G.; Phillips, Y.Y.:  Predictive Criteria
For Burns From Brief Thermal Exposures.  J. Occ. Med. 1990:32(3):215-219.

19.	National Flight Nurses Association – Position Statement:  “Improving
Safety in the Air Medical Helicopter Environment”  Issue 1, 1998.

20.	Know, F. S. III, et al:  Engineering Test of Lightweight Underwear of
the Winter Flight Clothing Systems Thermal Protection.  USAARL Report No
71-19: 1-31, June 1971.

21.	Neilson G: Safety in a Flash. E.I.duPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington,
DE.


22.	Knox F S. III, et al: Bioassay of Thermal Protection Afforded by
Candidate Flight Suit Fabrics. Aviat  Space Environ. Med.  50 (10):
1023-1030, 1979.

23.	Knox F. S. III, et al: Evaluation of Four Thermally Protective Fabrics
Using the USAARL Bioassay Method, USAARL Report No. 78-9:1-19, June 1978.

24.	Ripple. G.R., Torrington, K. G. Phillips Y.Y.:  Predictive Criteria For
Burns From Brief Thermal Exposures.  J. Occ. Med 1990; 32 (3) 215-219.

25.	Flight Med Archive: Tuesday, 09 March 1999.

26.	Presentation by crew member from team in one of the Carolinas – had a
crash just 100 yards from an interstate, but could not summon help.  Left
hanging upside-down in a tree for numerous hours.

27.	Flight Med Archive: Tuesday, 09 March 1999.


Bibliography

Analysis of U. S. Army Helicopters Accidents to Define Impact Injury
Problems.  Paper published by NATO/AGARD Conference on Impact Acceleration,
June 1971.

CAMTS. Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems.
Accreditation Standards.  3rd edition, 1997.

Carolina Air Care Task Force.  Program Safety Review of Carolina Air Care,
The North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, January 1987.

Collett, HM: Aeromedical Accident Trends.  Hospital Aviation 6:2-6-7/

Collett HM:  Air Medical Accident Rates.  Journal of Air Medical Transport
1991; 10(2): 14-15.

Crash Survival Design Guide.  USAAVI.ARS.  Technical report 67-22, U. S.
Army Aviation Material Lab. Fr. Eustis, Virginia, August, 1967, updated in
1971.

Crashworthiness vs. Cost:  A Study of Army Rotary Wing Aircraft Accidents in
Period January 1970 through December 1971.  Paper presented at Aircraft
Crashworthiness Symposium.  University of Cincinnati, Ohio, 6-8 October,
1975.

Crowley J. S. Lucina, JR, Bruckart JE: Flight Helmets: How They Work and Why
You Should Wear One.   Journal of Air Medical Transport 1992; 11(8): 19-23,
26.

Dodd, R.S.: EMS Helicopter Safety Revisited.  Hospital Aviation  1989;
1:6-8.

“General Accident Investigation”.  In Aircraft Crashworthiness.  Saczalski
et al (editors), University of Virginia Press (1975).

Harvey, D: Do the Pilots Have the Answers to EMS Safety?  Rotor and Wing
15 December, 1980.

Helmet Design Criteria for Improved Crash Survival.  USAAVLAHSTR 65-44,
U. S. Army Aviation Material Lab., Ft. Eustis, Virginia, 1966.

Oleske, D.M., Hahn, JJ. Leibold, M. Work-related Injuries to the Foot.
(Data from an occupational injury/illness surveillance system). J. Occ Med.
1992,34(6): 650-655.

“Patterns of Injury in Fatal Aircraft Accidents” , Aerospace Pathology,
Reals and Mason (editors).  College of American Pathologists Foundation
(1973), pp. 170-176.

Preston, N. Air Medical Helicopter Accident Rates.  Journal of Air Medical
Transport 1992 11(2): 14-16.

Shanahan, Jim. L.:  Basilar Skull Fracture in U. S. Army Aircraft Accidents.
Aviat. Space Environ.  Med.  54(7).628-631. 1083.

Wright, D.: Safety Management vs. Picking Leaves.  Journal of Air Medical
Transport 1991; 10(9) 11-2.

Wright D.; Einhorn, T:  The Final Authority:  Hospital Aviation 5:10:36.
October,
1986.



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